"Jiaohe" The lost city of Chechi/Cheshi Gurjars.

"Jiaohe" The lost city of Chechi/Cheshi Gurjars.


Characteristic


Massive historical ruined metropolis in Xinjiang and one of many greatest preserved cities of its time in China.A highlight of travel towards the fascinating and stunning Turpan place.Some massive structures continue being this kind of being a ruined tower and certainly one of China’s oldest Buddhist stupas that is certainly about one,four hundred years old.Like Gaochang, the city was abandoned about the 12 months one,four hundred.You will find there’s museum regarding the Cheshi/Chechi or Gushi individuals in the vicinity of the ruins.

OverviewMost tourists feel that the ruins with the historic city of Jiaohe are Turpan’s greatest travel highlight. It is far more intact than the close by ruins of Gaochang, though the cities ended up built and fell into disuse at regarding the identical instances. The individuals who lived while in the area all around Gaochang employed it as a source for fertilizer, and farmers leveled it for fields. They also purposely destroyed artwork and manuscripts that they discovered there, fearing the Moslem leaders injunction versus trying to keep idols and bogus guides. The neighborhood individuals found it much more difficult to cultivate Jiaohe. There is no surface h2o or karez irrigating the top of the islet. The islet is surrounded by two canyons and steep cliffs. This produced access for the metropolis much more tough, and even though farmers cultivated within the canyons around it, they couldn’t easily cultivate within the metropolis or carry supplies away. This can be why Jiaohe is better preserved than Gaochang. The islet is about 300 meters or 1,000 feet extensive at its widest level and 1.six kilometers or possibly a mile extended, and it had been known as Jiaohe due to the fact in Chinese Jiaohe signifies rivers meeting. It really is among the greatest preserved ruins of its historic era in China, so it’ll probably be the highlight of the trip to Turpan.

The islet is between canyons that are about 20 to 30 meters or about 65 to one hundred feet deep. The islet is formed like a dagger with its suggestion pointing on the southeast. The people built the metropolis from earth. They excavated the ground to depart standing structures or dug rooms underground, and they constructed with dried bricks. There was an extended main road that went down the middle with the islet that divided the town into two components. The western aspect was for typical individuals, and the rulers lived within the east. The northwestern portion of the city had a Buddhist monastery and stupas. There was also a cemetery and an underground temple in the far northwestern stop. The city is said to have only had two gates. One particular was at the southwestern corner and a single was while in the east. It really is unusual for the metropolis of this size to get only two gates. There may possibly be vestiges of a 3rd gate. On the northwest aspect, there is a Buddhist monastery and a massive tower that is certainly among the most significant remaining ruins.

History

One of the mysteries of the area is a previously unknown Caucasian civilization that lived in the area more than 2,000 years ago. Until about 20 years ago, these people who unknown. But lots of tombs have recently been found all over Xinjiang that show that the first settlers were Caucasian. It is still not clear where they came from, so the history of the region is still unclear. It is known that about 300 BC there were Caucasians at Jiaohe about 46 kilometers to the east because their tombs were recently found there. There is a museum about them at Jiaohe. These people who were at Jiaohe are called Cheshi/Chechi or Yuezhi and other names. It is also known that during the 1st millennium, people called Tocharians left behind libraries of documents written in two Tocharian Indo-European languages. It is known that Tocharian Buddhists helped to spread Buddhism along the Silk Road.

Background

In tombs around Jiaohe that date to 300 BC, the continues to be of Caucasians have been lately discovered. So some historians propose that the initial inhabitants of the islet may well are Caucasians. The Gushi men and women who have been Caucasians lived around the islet inside a city named Cheshi. About 100 BC, the Han Dynasty started trade with western nations. The Han wished to handle the trade and also to defend it from rival empires. The Cheshi/Chechi folks arrived below the management of the Han Empire about sixty BC. Perhaps 1,000 troops had been stationed there following that. Then, the Han Dynasty lost control with the region, along with the Han Empire collapsed. Other kingdoms controlled the location right up until the Tang Dynasty. In 640, a Tang basic conquered the area such as Gaochang. Nearly all of the building that stays is in the Tang Dynasty era. It’s said that seven,000 people lived in Jiaohe in the 8th century.

The Tang Empire was defeated regarding the year 856. Around that time, a group of Uighurs fled for the location soon after one more people called the Kyrgyz conquered their primary territory about Mongolia far to the northeast. The Uighurs took handle of northern and western Xinjiang. Concerning the yr 1209, the Uighurs submitted to Genghis Khan of the expanding Mongol Empire. Then concerning the center of the 14th century, the Mongol Empire collapsed. The resulting disruption of trade, warfare, and maybe also a lack of drinking water and a drier and colder environment connected with all the Little Ice Age caused people to abandon the former fortress city.

Touring RoutinesFind out concerning the successive civilizations of individuals who lived there.Appreciate the stark attractiveness with the ruined city along with the surrounding desert canyons and hills.Head to the Cheshi Museum to learn regarding the Cheshi/Chechi folks. http://www.chinahighlights.com/…/bezeklik-thousand-buddha-c… http://www.chinahighlights.com/t…/attraction/jiaohe-ruin.htm

Gujjar in Afghanistan

i) Kunnarr : This province is situated in the south of Afghanistan and

in the North of Pakistan. The Gujjar tribe is living with over-whelming majority in this Province. The famous towns and villages of the Gujjars are Narrai, Asmar, Hari Kot, Tashagul, Konigul, Gorin, Inchagal, Samsagal, Karchigal, Bazagal, Batash, Hegal and Asoom, etc.


ii) Lughman : Its more than 50% population consists of Gujjar tribe.

There are approximately 45-villages having hundred percent Gujjar population.


iii) Panjsher : The Gujjars constitutes 40% population of this Province.

Perkhar and Wersak towns are the famous strong-holds of the Gujjars.


iv) Badakhshan : The Gujjars constitutes half of the population of this Province. The Bajjarr, Chauhan, Bherwal, Jangle, Bhaddana, Kohli, Doei and Bokarra are the famous sub-tribes/clans of Gujjars living in this Province.


v) Kondos : The ¾ population of this Province consists of Gujjar tribe.


vi) Farkhar : More than 90% population of this Province belongs to the Gujjar community. The Dashtiachi, Namakao, Khestazi and Khefdar, etc. are the famous towns & villages of the Gujjar tribe.


vii) Mazar Sharif : In this Province over 30% population consists of Gujjar community.


viii) Baglan : In this Province over 40% population belongs to the Gujjar caste.


ix) Aneshkamesh : The 70% population of this Province is consisted of Gujjar tribe.


x) Palol : The Gujjar is a majority tribe of this Province. The Gujjar commanders Mr. Ghulam Sakhi Khattana and Mr.Fardol Khatana, the militant leaders of Harkat-e-Islamia Afghanistan also belonged to this Province. They inflicted collosal loss to the enemy during the cold-war.


xi) Andraf : The Gujjars constitues ¾ population of this Province. The Gujjar Generals Moman Bherwal and Mr. Arbab Therwal Malang, the militant Gujjar Commanders of Hizb-e-Islami belonged to this province. These Generals earned lot of name and recognition during the cold-war.


xii) Taloqan : The Gujjars forms half of the population of the Province.


Mr. Arbab Hakeem Chechi, the Supreme Gujjar Commander of Hizb-e-Islami also belonged to this Province. He also earned world wide recognition during the cold war.


xiii) Shabargan : The Gujjars are 1/3 of the total population of this Province.


5. The Gujjars are also living with a prominent sizeable minority in the following Provinces of Afghanistan : -

i Nangarhar,

ii Kabul,

iii Logar,

iv Qandhar,

v Gazni,

vi Kapisa,

vii Gardez,

viii Tamroze, and

ix Harat.


6. The Gujjars played a leading role in war (Jehad) against the U.S.S.R. since beginning in the year 1979. Mir Afzal Chechi of Kunnarr Province was one of the leading founders to organise and start the war(Jehad) to liberate Afghanistan from the clutches of U.S.S.R., who also sacrificed his life for the sacred cause. Malik Sher Afzal and Malik Qabeel of Kunnarr Province also significantly contributed towards organizing the war and Jehad against the U.S.S.R.


7. The following militant leaders of various Jahadi organizations, who fought against the U.S.S.R., also belonged to the Gujjar tribe of Afghanistan:-

i) Dr.M.Abdul Qayyum, Founder, Hizb-e-Islami

ii) Maulana M.Younas Khalis Quaid, Hizb-e-Islami

iii) Muhammad Ayub, Amir, Tanzeem Ahl-e-Hadith

iv) Ghulam Chechi, Commander Hizb-e-Islami

v) Mauland Akhawandzada Commander Harkat-e-Islami

vi) Nadir Khan Commander Harkat-e-Islami

vii) Arbab Mian Gul Chechi Commander Jamaat-e-Islami

viii) Haji Zardali Commander Hizb-e-Islami

ix) Haji Daim Khan Commander Tanzeem Ahl-e-Hadith

x) Musafar Khan Commander Hizb-e-Islami

xi) Maulana Umra Khan Commander Hizb-e-Islami

xii) Haji Badam Khan Commander Mahaz-e-Milli

xiii) Mir Alam Commander Jamat-e-Islami

xiv) Malik Sadbar Commander Hizb-e-Islami

xv) Maulana Kaduaali Amir Islami Hizb

xvi) Mirza Lal Doei Commander Jamat-e-Islami

xvii) Madir Gujjarwal Commander Harkat-e-Islami

xviii) Malik Jabeen Chechi Commander Hizb-e-Islami

xix) Malik Shireen Commander Hizb-e-Islami

xx) Malik Maasal Commander Hizb-e-Islami

xxi) Hazrat Bilal Sher Commander Harkat-e-Islami

xxii) Malik Gul Sharif Commander Tanzeem Ahl-e-Hadith


8. The thousands of Gujjar Mujahideens sacrificed their lives while fighting against USSR during the period of cold war. A large number of Gujjars had to migrate to Pakistan and other neighbouring countries during and after the cold-war. The majority of Gujjar migratees were living in Bhai Cheena Camps, Anayat Kaley Camps in Bajorr Agency, Dodaba Camps and Ranrri Camps in Dir district of Pakistan.


9. The culture, language, customs and traditions of the Gujjars are entirely different than the pushtoon ethnic stock. The Gujjars of Afghanistan speaks Gujjari language, the language that also spoken in most of the areas of Indo & Pakistan and enjoys its representation on a number of state owned Radio and Television channels in India and Pakistan.


10. It will be worth mentioning that the Pushto speaking population do not belong to one community, tribal or racial group rather they are devided into Shanwaris, Afridis, Safis, Khattaks, Mashwanis and Yousafzais, etc. etc., whereas, on the contrary the Gujjars of Afghanistan belongs to one racial and tribal group unlike Pushtoons, who are just a linguistic group.


11. The over 30-Million Gujjars in Pakistan and 20-Billion Gujjars in India had extended their implied and unconditional support to the notion of forming the broad based Afghan-Government comprising of all the ethnic groups and communities in Afghanistan so to win the war against terror.


12. It was expected that the Gujjars being the second largest ethnic and linguistic community certainly was to be considered as a significant constitutent in broad-based government as by ignoring the Gujjars neither any government can function as a representative establishment nor that could be a workable or perpetual solution to the growing problems of Afghanistan. The U.S.A., U.K. and Pakistan Governments should have derived an acceptable formula giving due representation to the Gujjars of Afghanistan.


13. The worrior & majority Gujjar tribe has not been given any representation while forming the present Afghan Government, the result is obvious, the writ of presetn Afghan-Government could hardly be established within the radious of only two Kilo meter area and more specifically speaking within the Presidential Compound under the guard and security of Allied forces. They are the brave Gujjars only who can restrict and confine the war-lords into their cloths and can bring the perpetual peace in Afghanistan. These Gujjars of Afghanistan also enjoys the unshaken support of 23-billion Gujjars of Pakistan and India. The Allied Forces, in order to bring the perpetual peace in Afghanistan, may even now draw a strategy to form a true representative Aghan-Government.

Ch Riaz Gujjar

Ch Riaz Gujjar film maker and producer her makes so many films on the names of gujjar and play a big role to promote gujjar nation. 

Issues of Gujjar Nation (in urdu)

اسلام علیکم۔۔۔ گجر قوم کا کوئی مسئلہ ہے ہم تعلیم کی کمی کا بہانہ کر کے اور ایک کمنٹ کر چپ کر جاتے ہیں۔۔ میرا ایک سوال ہے کیا پاکستان کا کوئی ایسا شہر یا گاؤں ہے جہاں گجر نہ بستے ہوں ؟؟؟ کیا پاکستان کا کوئی ایک ایسا ادارہ ہے جہاں گجر نوکری نہ کرتے ہیں ؟؟؟ کیا دنیا کا کوئی ایسا ملک ہے جہاں پاکستان کمیونٹی ہو اور وہاں گجر نہ ہوں؟؟ کیا پاکستان کی کوئی ایسی یونیورسٹی ہے جہاں گجر طالبِ علم نہ ہوں ؟؟؟ آپ کو ہر شہر ، گاؤں قصبے ، ادارے، یونیورسٹی، مڈل ایسٹ، یورپ، امریکہ، افریقہ ہر جگہ گجر ملتے ہیں انتہائی پڑھے لکھے اور بالکل جاہل، انتہائی امیر اور انتہائی غریب، مڈل کلاس، بزنس مین، بیوروکریٹ ،  آڑھتی، کمیشن ایجنٹ، کنسٹرکٹر مطلب ہر شعبہ زندگی میں گجر ملتے ہیں ۔۔۔ کیا صرف ڈگری حاصل کرنے سے انسان کو شعور آ جاتا ہے یا وہ سمجھدار ہو جاتا ہے ؟؟؟ اصل میں ہم پیسے کے پجاری ہو کر اپنی روایات کو، اپنی اساس، اپنی بنیادوں کو بھولتے جا رہے ہیں ۔۔۔ ہم مادہ پرستی میں اتنا آگے بڑھتے جا رہے ہیں کہ غلط صحیح کا فرق بھولتے جا رہے ہیں ؟؟؟ ہم کو صرف باتوں کی حد تک اپنی قوم، اپنی برادری یا اپنی نسل سے پیار ہے لیکن ہم اپنی قوم، اپنی نسل یا اپنے خون کے لیے قربانی نہیں دے سکتے ۔۔ ہم اغیار کے لیے سب کچھ کر سکتے ہیں لیکن اپنوں کے لیے کچھ نہیں کر سکتے ۔۔۔ ہمارے پاس صرف یہ بہانہ ہے کہ اپنوں کے ساتھ جب بھی نیکی کرنے کی کوشش کرتے ہیں وہ دھوکا دیتے ہیں ،، ہم کو لوٹ کے کھا جاتے ہیں ؟؟؟ اس طرح کے ہزاروں بہانے ہیں ہمارے پاس،،، ہم نیکی کرتے ہوئے صرف رضائے الہی کو مقصود کیوں نہیں رکھتے ؟؟؟ کیا اغیار ایسا کچھ بھی نہیں کرتے ہمارے ساتھ وہ ابھی یہی سب کچھ کرتے ہیں ۔۔۔ ہم کو اس سوچ کو آگے لے کر چلنا ہے کہ ہم کو اپنی اچھی روایات کو زندہ رکھنا ہے اور جو غلط روایات ہم میں شامل ہو گئی ہیں ان کی اصلاح کرنی ہے تب جا کر قوموں کو بقا نصیب ہوتا ہے صرف سوشل میڈیا پر جی او گجرا کا نعرہ ہم کو زندہ نہیں رکھے گا ہم کو اس سے ایک قدم اگے بڑھنا ہے ۔۔ اس سوچ کو آگے بڑھائیں صرف اپنے اپنے گھر کی اصلاح کا ذمہ اپنے سر لے لیں ساری قوم میں شعور خود بخود آ جائے گا دوسروں کی اصلاح چھوڑ کر اپنی اپنی اصلاح کرنا شروع کر دیں محنت ، محنت اور دیانت ہم کو بچا سکتیں ہیں آؤ مل کر اپنی اصلاح کا عمل شروع کریں
چودھری ظفر حبیب گجر